29 April

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Understanding Contract Language

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What is the difference between an “effective date” and an “execution” date? The effective date is the date the contract becomes effective. It may be other than execution date. Parties to the contract may specify an effective date. Execution date is the date parties sign the contract. If parties did not specify an effective date, then Contract becomes effective upon signed by the parties. What does "Jurisdiction" mean? A jurisdiction is a venue with its own laws. It may either be a state or a province. For example, New York is a jurisdiction in the United States, Ontario is a jurisdiction in Canada. What...

15 April

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What are the rights of shareholders with respect to inspecting the books and records of the corporation?

Posted by Metin Caglar

in BLOG

Any shareholder of a corporation may demand (1) the minutes of shareholder proceedings and (2) records of shareholders on 5 day’s of advance written notice to corporation. After receipt of a such request, the Corporation may demand that the shareholder give an affidavit that his purpose is not other than the interest of the corporation and he has not within 5 years tried to sell any list of shareholders. If the shareholder refuses to furnish such an affidavit, the corporation may deny access. Regarding the list of the current directors and officers, any shareholder can demand that on two day’s written demand. There...

04 April

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Asylum and Refugee Status

Posted by Metin Caglar

in BLOG

Asylum and refugee status are special protections granted to people who left their home country for their own safety and are afraid to return. The difference between asylum and refugee status depends on the person’s physical location. If the person is outside of the United States, he/she must apply for refugee status. A person who has already entered in to the U.S. border or the interior regardless of how he/she arrived (perhaps by using a visa or by entering illegally) may apply for asylum status within the U.S. Once granted, both the asylum and refugee status allow the petitioners to stay in...

01 April

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What does authorized, issued, outstanding, treasury and watered stock refers in corporate law parlance?

Posted by Metin Caglar

in BLOG

Authorized stock is the maximum number of shares a corporation can sell.This number is specified initially in the corporation’s articles of incorporation or other charter documents, but it can be changed with a shareholder approval. A corporation usually sets greater numbers than required to provide flexibility to issue more stock in the future when needed. Issued stock is the number of shares the corporation actually sells. Outstanding stock is stock the corporation has authorized, issued, sold and purchased by current shareholders, investors and/or public. It also includes restricted shares owned by the corporation's officers and insiders. Treasury stock refers to the corporation’s buyback...

24 March

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The difference between trademark, copyright, servicemark and patent

Posted by Metin Caglar

in BLOG

A trademark is any word, name, phrase, slogan, sound, smell, color, symbol, design, group of letters or numbers, product configuration, device or combination of these elements which identifies and distinguishes the business names, trade names or commercial products or services of one party from others whereas copyrights protect individual, original works of expression of literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works, whether published or unpublished. A copyright protects works of songs, books, movies, and art. The duration of copyright protection for works created by an individual lasts for the life of the author, plus 70 years. For works...

12 March

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L-1 Şirketlerarasi Transfer Vizeleri Nedir?

Posted by Metin Caglar

in BLOG

L-1 vizesi hem yurtdışında hemde Amerikada faaliyet gösteren şirketlerin yurtdışı ofislerinden vasıflı çalışanlarını Amerika da ki şirketlerine transfer etmelerine olanak sağlayan bir vize çesididir. L-1 vizesi de kendi arasında ikiye ayrılır L-1A dediğimiz işletmeci, yönetici veya müdür transfer vizesi ve L-1B şirketlerarası uzman transferi vizesi. L-1A işletmeci, yönetici veya müdür transfer vizesi (manager/executives) L-1A vizesi yurtdışındaki şirket de işletmeci, müdür veya yönetici vasfinda çalışanların bu şirketin Amerika’daki bağlı şirket, kardeş şirket, şube ya da ana şirketine transfer edilmelerine (Affiliate, subsidiary, branch or parent of the foreign entity) olanak sağlayan bir vize türüdür.Bu vize aynı zamanda Amerika da ofisi bulunmayan şirketlerin Amerikaya acilmalarina, hizmetlerini...

29 February

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Tenants’ basic rights against landlords

Posted by Metin Caglar

in BLOG

If your landlord doesn’t fix the heat during winter, or you have a problem with electricity, running water etc. You have some rights as a tenant. First of all, every residential house must afford you an “Implied warranty of habitability”. In property law context, the standard for implied warranty of habitability is that premises must be fit for basic human dwelling in other words the premises must be in livable condition. The appropriate standards may be supplied either by local housing code or case law. Landlord is expected to fulfill an implied warranty of habitability by keeping basic structural elements of the building,...

23 February

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E-2 yatırımcı vizesi ile Amerika ya nasıl gelinir?

Posted by Metin Caglar

in BLOG

E-2 yatırımcı vizesi Amerikanın kendisi ile ticaret antlaşması olan ülke vatandaşlarına Amerika da önemli oranlarda yatırım yapmaları kaydıyla onlara sağladığı vize türüdür. Amerikada öğrenci olmanız mümkün değilse veya size sponsor olacak bir işveren yada Amerikan vatandaşı çocuk, eş, anne-baba gibi yakın aile bireyleri de yoksa E-2 vizesi sizin Amerikaya yerlesmeniz için bir çözüm olabilir. Üstelik diğer vize türlerinin aksine E-2 vize katagorisinde verilecek vize sayısı yıllık bir kotaya dahil edilmemiştir ayrıca yatırımcının eğitim seviyesinin belli bir düzeyde olması veya dil bilmesi de beklenmiyor. Başvuru şartları şu şekildedir: ABD ile ticari bir antlaşmanın varlığı E-2 yatırımcısının vatandaşı olduğu ülkenin ABD ile ticaret anlaşması olması gerekir....

22 February

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Amerika da yatırım üzerinden yeşil kart (Green Card) nasıl alınır?

Posted by Metin Caglar

in BLOG

Amerikada oturum hakkı sağlayan ve EB- 5 olarak bilinen yatırımcı programı 1990 yılında Amerikan kongresinin yabancı yatırımcıların ülkeye davet edilerek iş ve sermaye artırımının sağlanması ve bu sayede Amerikan ekonomisinin ve istihdamın canlandırılması için başlattığı bir programdır. EB-5 vizesine başvurmanın koşulları neleredir? EB-5 yolu ile oturum hakkını elde etmek için yatırımcılardan dil bilmesi, iş geçmişi, yaş sınırı, ve eğitim seviyesi açısından talep edilen bir şart bulunmamaktadır. Tek şart yatırımcıların yatırım yapacakları miktarı yasal yollardan elde edildiğini ispatlama zorunluluğudur. Yapılacak yatırımın miktarı en az 1 milyon dolardır. Ancak bunun bir istisnası var. Eğer yatırım işsizliğin çok yüksek olduğu şehirlerde veya az gelişmiş kırsal kesimlerde...

19 February

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Every business owner should be aware of vicarious liability.

Posted by Metin Caglar

in BLOG

“Vicarious liability” means a person may be held liable for the actions, wrongdoings and or omissions of another person. In workplace context, it refers that an employer can be liable for the acts or omissions of its employees when the event giving rise to injuries took place in the course of their employment. If an employee causes harm to others or even themselves while on company property or while operating or using company equipment, the business owner is vicariously liable. But the most important point which most business owners don’t know is that employers can also be held liable for harm...